1、QueryByExampleExecutor用法
1.1 介绍
1.2 QueryByExampleExecutor接口
1.3 QueryByExampleExecutor实践
1.4 Example语法详解
1.5 ExampleMatcher语法分析
2、ExampleMatcher语法暴露常用方法
2.1 忽略大小写
2.2 NULL值的Property的处理方式
2.3 忽略某些属性列表,不参与查询过滤条件
2.4 字符串默认的匹配规则
3、实践出真理
3.1 AND查询
3.2 OR 查询
3.3 忽略大小写查询
3.3.1 忽略大小写 不指定属性
3.4 NULL值的处理
3.4.1 NULL属性值作为查询条件
3.4.2 忽略(实体类中)NULL属性
3.5 忽略某些属性不做筛选
3.6 字符串匹配规则
3.6.1 DEFAULT和EXACT 相等
3.6.2 STARTING和ENDING 模糊查询【开始匹配(?1 + %) 和 结束匹配(% + ?1 )) 】
3.6.3 Containing 包含模糊匹配【% + ?1 + %】
1、QueryByExampleExecutor用法在前面章节中,我们介绍了DMQ 和 @Query两种查询方法,除此之外,还有QueryByExampleExecutor查询方法。
1.1 介绍QueryByExampleExecutor是一种用户友好的查询技术,具有简单的接口,它允许动态创建,并且不需要填写包含字段名称的查询。
1.2 QueryByExampleExecutor接口public interface QueryByExampleExecutor<T> {
// 根据实体查询条件、查找一个对象
<S extends T> Optional<S> findOne(Example<S> example);
// 根据实体查询条件、查询一批对象
<S extends T> Iterable<S> findAll(Example<S> example);
// 根据实体查询条件并排序、查询一批对象
<S extends T> Iterable<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Sort sort);
// 根据实体查询条件并分页,查询一批对象
<S extends T> Page<S> findAll(Example<S> example, Pageable pageable);
// 根据实体查询条件、查询符合条件的对象个数
<S extends T> long count(Example<S> example);
// 根据实体查询条件、判断是否有符合条件的对象
<S extends T> boolean exists(Example<S> example);
// 根据实体查询条件、判断是否有符合条件的对象
<S extends T, R> R findBy(Example<S> example, Function<FluentQuery.FetchableFluentQuery<S>, R> queryFunction);
}
1.3 QueryByExampleExecutor实践
第一步 :创建User实体和UserAddress实体
// User表
@Data
@Entity
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Builder
@ToString(exclude = "address")
public class User {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String email;
private Integer age;
private LocalDateTime createTime;
private LocalDateTime updateTime;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "user",fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private List<UserAddress> address;
}
// Address表
@Entity
@Data
@Builder
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@ToString(exclude = "user")
public class UserAddress {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
private Long id;
private String address;
@ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
private User user;
}
第二步: 编写DAO层,JpaRepository已经继承QueryByExampleExceutor
public interface UserAddressRepo extends JpaRepository<UserAddress,Integer> {
}
第三步:测试
@Test
public void test01 () {
User user = User.builder()
.name("jack")
.email("123456@126.com")
.age(20)
.build();
userAddressRepo.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(UserAddress.builder()
.address("shanghai").user(user).build(),UserAddress.builder()
.address("beijing").user(user).build()));
}
@Test
public void testQBEE() throws JsonProcessingException {
User user = User.builder()
.name("jack")
.age(20)
.email("12345")
.build();
UserAddress userAddress = UserAddress.builder()
.address("shanghai")
.user(user)
.build();
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
// 创建匹配器,构建动态查询条件
ExampleMatcher exampleMatcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withMatcher("user.email",ExampleMatcher.GenericPropertyMatchers.startsWith())
.withMatcher("address",ExampleMatcher.GenericPropertyMatchers.startsWith());
Page<UserAddress> u = userAddressRepo.findAll(Example.of(userAddress,exampleMatcher), PageRequest.of(0,2));
System.out.println(objectMapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter().writeValueAsString(u));
}
一开始写这个代码的时候,我也比较懵逼, Example是什么?ExampleMatcher是什么? 下面我一一介绍。
1.4 Example语法详解首先:我们先看Example的源码
public interface Example<T> {
static <T> Example<T> of(T probe) {
return new TypedExample<>(probe, ExampleMatcher.matching());
}
static <T> Example<T> of(T probe, ExampleMatcher matcher) {
return new TypedExample<>(probe, matcher);
}
T getProbe();
ExampleMatcher getMatcher();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
default Class<T> getProbeType() {
return (Class<T>) ProxyUtils.getUserClass(getProbe().getClass());
}
}
probe:实际实体类,即查询条件的封装类(又可以理解为查询条件参数)
ExampleMatcher :匹配器,匹配特定字段的匹配规则。
Example:由probe 和 ExampleMatcher租车,由于创建查询,即组合查询参数和参数的匹配规则。
创建Example的两个方法 :
static Example of(T probe):需要一个实体参数,即查询条件。而里面的ExampleMatcher采用默认的ExamoleMatcher.matching(); 表示忽略NULL,所有字段采用精准匹配
static Example of(T probe, ExampleMatcher matcher):需要两个参数构建Example,也就表示ExampleMatcher自由组合规则,正如我们上面的测试用例里面的代码一样。
1.5 ExampleMatcher语法分析上图是ExampleMatcher向外暴露的方法,我们只要关心返回值为ExampleMatcher类型的方法。
其中有三个方法我们需要注意一下:
static ExampleMatcher matching() {
return matchingAll();
}
static ExampleMatcher matchingAll() {
return new TypedExampleMatcher().withMode(MatchMode.ALL);
}
上述的这两种方法表达的意思是一样的。两者采用的都是MatcheMode.ALL的模式,即AND模式,生成的SQL如下:
Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where (useraddres0_.address like ? escape ?) and user1_.name=? and (user1_.email like ? escape ?) and user1_.age=20
可以看到,这些查询条件都是AND的关系。再看另外一种方法
static ExampleMatcher matchingAny() {
return new TypedExampleMatcher().withMode(MatchMode.ANY);
}
当前方法与上面两个方法不一样的地方在于:第三个MatchMode.Any,表示查询条件是or的关系
Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where useraddres0_.address like ? escape ? or user1_.name=? or user1_.email like ? escape ? or user1_.age=20
以上就是初始化ExampleMatcher实例的方法,你在运用中需要注意and 和 or的关系
2、ExampleMatcher语法暴露常用方法 2.1 忽略大小写// 哪些属性的paths忽略大小写,可以指定多个参数
ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase(String... propertyPaths);
// 提供一个默认的实现方法,忽略大小写
default ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase() {
return withIgnoreCase(true);
}
// 默认忽略大小写的方式,默认false
ExampleMatcher withIgnoreCase(boolean defaultIgnoreCase);
2.2 NULL值的Property的处理方式
暴露的Null值处理方式如下所示:
ExampleMatcher withNullHandler(NullHandler nullHandler);
NullHandler枚举值如下所示:INCLUDE(包括)、IGNORE(忽略),
enum NullHandler {
INCLUDE, IGNORE
}
需要注意的是: 标识作为条件的实体对象中,一个属性值(条件值)为NULL时,是否参与过滤;
当该选项值是INCLUDE时,标识仍参与过滤,会匹配数据库表中该字段值是NULL的记录;
若为IGNORE值,表示不参与过滤;
// 把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件
default ExampleMatcher withIncludeNullValues() {
return withNullHandler(NullHandler.INCLUDE);
}
// 提供一个默认实现方法,忽略(实体类中)NULL属性
default ExampleMatcher withIgnoreNullValues() {
return withNullHandler(NullHandler.IGNORE);
}
我们来看一下,把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件使用,执行的SQL如下所示:
Hibernate: select count(useraddres0_.id) as col_0_0_ from user_address useraddres0_ inner join user user1_ on useraddres0_.user_id=user1_.id where useraddres0_.id is null or useraddres0_.address like ? escape ? or user1_.name=? or user1_.email like ? escape ? or user1_.id is null or user1_.age=20
2.3 忽略某些属性列表,不参与查询过滤条件
// 忽略某些属性(可以是多个),不参与查询过滤条件
ExampleMatcher withIgnorePaths(String... ignoredPaths);
2.4 字符串默认的匹配规则
ExampleMatcher withStringMatcher(StringMatcher defaultStringMatcher);
默认字符串的匹配方式有以下几种 ,如下所示:
enum StringMatcher {
DEFAULT,
EXACT,
STARTING,
ENDING,
CONTAINING,
REGEX;
}
DEFAULT:默认,作用和EXACT一样
EXACT:相等
STARTING:开始匹配
ENDING:结束匹配
CONTAINING:包含、模糊匹配
REGEX:正则表达式
使用方法如下
withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.ENDING)
或指定某些字符串属性匹配规则
ExampleMatcher withMatcher(String propertyPath, GenericPropertyMatcher genericPropertyMatcher);
3、实践出真理
就从上面介绍的方法,我们手动练习一下。
新建一张Dog表
@Data
@Entity
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Table(name = "tb_dog")
public class Dog {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(columnDefinition = "int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '主键' ")
private Integer id;
@Column(columnDefinition = "varchar(30) DEFAULT '' COMMENT '宠物名'")
private String name;
@Column(columnDefinition = "int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年龄'")
private Integer age;
}
3.1 AND查询
解释:根据当前dog对象的属性值作为查询条件去查询
@Test
public void testBy01(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.build();
// AND 查询
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching(); //ExampleMatcher.matchingAll() 也可以
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.2 OR 查询Hibernate: select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.age=2
解释:根据当前dog对象的属性值作为查询条件去查询
@Test
public void testBy02(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.build();
// OR 查询
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matchingAny();
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.3 忽略大小写查询select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? or dog0_.age=2
解释:指定"name"属性忽略大小写
@Test
public void testBy03(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withIgnoreCase("name");
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.name)=? and dog0_.age=2
在Dog表中添加type字段
@Column(columnDefinition = "varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '种类'")
private String type;
3.3.1 忽略大小写 不指定属性
解释:不指定属性,默认为所有查询字符串条件加上忽略大小写条件
@Test
public void testBy04(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withIgnoreCase();
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.4 NULL值的处理 3.4.1 NULL属性值作为查询条件select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.name)=? and lower(dog0_.type)=? and dog0_.age=2
解释:把(实体类中)NULL属性值作为查询条件使用
@Test
public void testBy05(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withIgnoreCase()
.withIncludeNullValues();
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.4.2 忽略(实体类中)NULL属性select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where lower(dog0_.type)=? and (dog0_.id is null) and dog0_.age=2 and lower(dog0_.name)=?
解释:把(实体类中)NULL属性值忽略
@Test
public void testBy06(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withIgnoreNullValues();
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.5 忽略某些属性不做筛选select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.type=? and dog0_.age=2
解释:把(实体类中)某些属性忽略掉,不做筛选
@Test
public void testBy07(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
// 忽略掉"name" 和 "type"两个属性
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
.withIgnorePaths("name","type");
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.6 字符串匹配规则 3.6.1 DEFAULT和EXACT 相等select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2
解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 EXACT (相等)
@Test
public void testBy08(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
// 字符串属性提供的匹配规则 EXACT相等
.withStringMatcher( ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.EXACT);
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.6.2 STARTING和ENDING 模糊查询【开始匹配(?1 + %) 和 结束匹配(% + ?1 )) 】select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.name=? and dog0_.age=2 and dog0_.type=?
解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 STARTING/ENDING (模糊查询)
public void testBy09(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
// 设置为开始匹配
.withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.STARTING);
// 设置为结束匹配
//.withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.ENDING);
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
3.6.3 Containing 包含模糊匹配【% + ?1 + %】select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2 and (dog0_.type like ? escape ?) and (dog0_.name like ? escape ?)
解释:把(实体类中)所有字符串属性匹配规则设置为 Containing (包含模糊查询)
@Test
public void testBy11(){
Dog dog = Dog.builder()
.name("TIMI")
.age(2)
.type("L")
.build();
ExampleMatcher matcher = ExampleMatcher.matching()
// 包含模糊查询
.withStringMatcher(ExampleMatcher.StringMatcher.CONTAINING);
System.out.println(dogRepo.findAll(Example.of(dog, matcher)));
}
执行SQL结果如下所示:
select dog0_.id as id1_3_, dog0_.age as age2_3_, dog0_.name as name3_3_, dog0_.type as type4_3_ from tb_dog dog0_ where dog0_.age=2 and (dog0_.type like ? escape ?) and (dog0_.name like ? escape ?)
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