最近在做一个学生的信息管理系统,其中就有一个功能是要上传头像以及实现显示的功能,那么要如何实现呢?
思路:
1.如果要上传头像并要显示的话,可以创建一个工具类来将获取的头像另外复制一份放在工程目录下,并修改其文件名(防止名字相同有冲突)。
2.要创建表,另一个img表用于存放该学生的头像的存储路径、头像名称、以及该学生对应的ID。
3.在html页面中可通过设置表单在获取信息,注意的是由于表单的enctype属性要设为"multipart/form-data",设置为该属性可以上传文件。
4.创建servlet来对数据进行封装,进行将数据添加数据库中,并将信息发送给页面
步骤:1.先将两个表给创建出来。这里我使用mysql进行创建,注意的是user的学号要和Img的学号用外键关联。
创建Img表
CREATE TABLE `img` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`image_path` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`old_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=30 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2.创建完数据库后,先将前台的html设计好,设置表单来获取用户填写的信息。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<!-- jQuery (Bootstrap 的所有 JavaScript 插件都依赖 jQuery,所以必须放在前边) -->
<script src="js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="addimgServlet" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<div >
<img src="" width="150" height="150" id="previewimg">
</div>
<div >
<input type="file" id="img" name="img" onChange="preview(this)"/>
<span class="add">+</span>
</div>
<input type="submit" id="submit_content" value="发布">
</form>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
function preview(obj){
var img = document.getElementById("previewimg");
img.src = window.URL.createObjectURL(obj.files[0]);
}
</script>
</html>
3.创建一个工具类Fileupload.java,用于获取并处理表单中的数据。
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.*;
public class FileUpload {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public Map<String,String> File_upload(HttpServletRequest request,String filepath) {
//判断上传的表单是否为multipart/form-data类型
if (ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request)) {
try {
//1.创建DiskFileItemFactory对象,设置缓冲区大小和临时目录文件
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
//2.创建ServletFileUpload对象,并设置上传文件的大小限制
ServletFileUpload sfu = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
sfu.setSizeMax(10 * 1024 * 1024);//以byte为单位 1024byte->1KB*1024=1M->1M*10=10M
sfu.setHeaderEncoding("utf-8");
//3.调用ServletFileUpload.parseRequest方法来解析对象,得到一个保存了所有上传内容的List对象
List<FileItem> fileItemList = sfu.parseRequest(request);
Iterator<FileItem> fileItems = fileItemList.iterator();
//创建一个Map集合,用于添加表单元素
Map<String, String> map = new TreeMap<String, String>();
//4.遍历fileItems,每迭代一个对象,调用其isFormField方法判断是否是上传文件
while ((fileItems.hasNext())) {
FileItem fileItem = fileItems.next();
try{
//普通的表单元素
if (fileItem.isFormField()) {
String name = fileItem.getFieldName();//name的属性值
String value = fileItem.getString("utf-8");//name对应的value值
//添加进Map集合中
map.put(name, value);
} else {//否则即为<input type="file">上传的文件
if(fileItem.getName()==null||fileItem.getFieldName()==null){
map.put("fileName","empty");
map.put("newFileName","empty");
}else {
String fileName = fileItem.getName();// 文件名称
System.out.println("原文件名:" + fileName);// Koala.webp
String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'));
System.out.println("扩展名:" + suffix);// .webp
// 新文件名(唯一)
String newFileName = new Date().getTime() + suffix;
System.out.println("新文件名:" + newFileName);// image\1478509873038.webp
//将文件名存入到数组中
map.put("fileName", fileName);
map.put("newFileName", newFileName);
// 5. 调用FileItem的write()方法,写入文件
String context = filepath+newFileName ;
System.out.println("图片的路径为"+context);
File file = new File(context);
System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
fileItem.write(file);
//判断该文件是否为head_img下默认的头像,如果不是才执行删除
if(!fileName.contains("empty")|| !newFileName.contains("empty")){
// 6. 调用FileItem的delete()方法,删除临时文件
fileItem.delete();
}
}
}
}catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e ){
//若为空指指针
//未上传图片则按原来的图片显示
//设置为false,在进行数据库操作时不对图片进行操作
System.out.println("出现异常");
map.put("fileName","empty");
map.put("newFileName","empty");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return map;
} catch (FileUploadException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
}
4.创建对应的servlet来处理用户添加的信息以及将数据分别存入到数据库中
注意:在这里添加信息到数据库中的操作和创建user对象是我在创建一个方法来实现,到时可根据自己的方法来实现方法
package domain;
public class Img {
private String fileName;
private String newFileName;
public String getFileName() {
return fileName;
}
public void setFileName(String fileName) {
this.fileName = fileName;
}
public String getNewFileName() {
return newFileName;
}
public void setNewFileName(String newFileName) {
this.newFileName = newFileName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Img{" +
"fileName='" + fileName + '\'' +
", newFileName='" + newFileName + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
package servlet;
import dao.UserDaoImpl;
import domain.Img;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import util.FileUpload;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.util.Map;
@WebServlet("/addimgServlet")
public class addimgServlet extends HttpServlet {
//为类可持久化
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//通过工具类获取成员的信息
String file = getServletContext().getRealPath("/head_img/");
Map<String,String> map = new FileUpload().File_upload(request,file);
//创建img对象用来封装数据
Img img = new Img();
try {
BeanUtils.populate(img,map);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("servlet获取的img数据为:"+img);
//创建service对象将头像数据存入到表中
UserDaoImpl userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
userDao.addimg(img);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
==========================
package servlet;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import dao.UserDaoImpl;
import domain.Head_img;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/getimgServlet")
public class getimgServlet extends HttpServlet {
//为类可持久化
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
UserDaoImpl userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
Head_img img = userDao.getimg(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id")));
System.out.println("获取的图象的路径为:"+img);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
mapper.writeValue(response.getOutputStream(),img);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request, response);
}
}
5.最后,在userlList.html中接收信息并显示出来
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>显示图片</title>
<script src="js/jquery-2.1.0.min.js"></script>
<script>
function GetRequest() {
var url = location.search; //获取url中"?"符后的字串
var theRequest = new Object();
if (url.indexOf("?") != -1) {
var str = url.substr(1);
strs = str.split("&");
for ( var i = 0; i < strs.length; i++) {
theRequest[strs[i].split("=")[0]] = unescape(strs[i].split("=")[1]);
}
}
return theRequest;
}
$(function () {
$.get("getimgServlet",{id:GetRequest()["id"]},function (data) {
$("#imgid").attr("src",data.image_path);
})
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h3>图片</h3>
<img width="150" height="150" id="imgid">
</body>
</html>
实现后效果如下
此时打开数据库便发现添加了该图片对应的数据
如何根据对应的id来获取图片的路径并显示出来
基本效果就这样子