Django开发中经常会遇到上传文件后改名，以避免文件重名

其中上传文件后需要处理中文文件名或者重名，比较麻烦

upload_to可以设置成 upload_to="images///0"

也可通过编程动态设置，现在有两种方式，均在Django 2.0， Python3.6 下完成测试，现在附上代码

• 方法一（推荐）：（models.py)

from uuid import uuid4
from datetime import datetime
def upload_article_cover(instance,filename):
 ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
 #日期目录和 随机文件名
 filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid4().hex, ext)
 year = datetime.now().year
 month =datetime.now().month
 day = datetime.now().day
 #instance 可使用instance.user.id 
 return "article/cover/{0}/{1}/{2}/{3}".format(year,month,day,filename)

class Article(models.Model):
 cover = models.ImageField(upload_to=upload_article_cover,
 verbose_name="封面",
 default="article/cover/default.webp",
 width_field="width",
 height_field="height"
 )
 width= models.IntegerField(null=True,blank=True)
 height= models.IntegerField(null=True,blank=True)

注意url中的文件地址

方法二：（基于类）

from django.conf import settings
from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
@deconstructible
class PathAndRename(object):
def __init__(self, sub_path):
self.path = sub_path
def __call__(self, instance, filename):
ext = filename.split('.')[-1]
# 设置文件名随机数
filename = '{}.{}'.format(uuid4().hex, ext)
# 返回整个文件全路径
return os.path.join(self.path, filename)
path_and_rename = PathAndRename(os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT,"avatars"))

image = models.ImageField(upload_to=path_and_rename,width_field="width",height_field="height",null=True,blank=True)