本文实例为大家分享了Android学习笔记之蓝牙功能的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下
蓝牙：短距离无线通讯技术标准。蓝牙协议分为4层，即核心协议层、电缆替代协议层、电话控制协议层和其他协议层。其中核心协议层包括基带、链路管理、逻辑链路控制和适应协议四部分。链路管理（LMP）负责蓝牙组件间的建立。逻辑链路控制与适应协议（L2CAP）位于基带协议层上，属于数据链路层，是一个高层传输和应用层协议屏蔽基带协议的适配协议。
1）、第一种打开蓝牙的方式：
Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(enableIntent,1);
2）、第二种打开蓝牙方式（静默）
权限配置：
<uses-permission android:name=”android.permission.BLUETOOTH”/>
<uses-permission android:name=”android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN”/>
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
adapter.enable();//打开
adapter.disable();//关闭
3）、通过代码搜索蓝牙
蓝牙数据传输：与Socket类似，网络中使用Socket和ServerSocket控制客户端和服务端，蓝牙通讯客户端为BluetoothSocket，服务端为BluetoothServerSocket。二者需要一个UUID（全局唯一标示符），格式如下：XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX，被分为5段，其中3段字符数相同，都为4，第1段是8字符，最后一段12字符，UUID相当于Socket的端口，而蓝牙地址相当于Socket的IP。
一、搜索蓝牙设备import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.Set;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;
private TextView tvDevices;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
tvDevices = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvDevices);
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Set<BluetoothDevice> paireDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
if (paireDevices.size()>0){
for (BluetoothDevice devices:paireDevices){
tvDevices.append(devices.getName()+":"+devices.getAddress());
}
}
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);//找到一个设备，发送一个广播
this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);//整个搜索完后发送广播
this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter);
}
public void onClick_Search(View view){
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
setTitle("正在扫描...");
if(bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
}
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
tvDevices.append(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n");
}
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
setProgressBarVisibility(false);
setTitle("搜索完成");
}
}
};
}
真机测试效果图：
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {
private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;//蓝牙适配器
private ListView lvDevices;//显示蓝牙搜索控件
private List<String> bluetoothDevices = new ArrayList<String>();//存储搜索到的所有蓝牙设备
private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter;
private final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("db764ac8-4b08-7f25-aafe-59d03c27bae3");//手动输入UUID码
private final String NAME = "Bluetooth_Socket";
private BluetoothSocket clientSocket;//服务端
private BluetoothDevice device;
private OutputStream os;
private AcceptThread acceptThread;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();//初始化
lvDevices = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lvDevices);
//显示配对的蓝牙信息
Set<BluetoothDevice> pairedDevices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
if (pairedDevices.size() > 0) {
for (BluetoothDevice device : pairedDevices) {
bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n");
}
}
//显示设备在列表上
arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,
android.R.id.text1, bluetoothDevices);
lvDevices.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
lvDevices.setOnItemClickListener(this);
acceptThread = new AcceptThread();
acceptThread.start();
}
public void onClick_Search(View view) {
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(true);
setTitle("正在扫描...");
if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
}
bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
}
private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
bluetoothDevices.add(device.getName()+":"+device.getAddress()+"\n");
arrayAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
// tvDevices.append(device.getName() + ":" + device.getAddress() + "\n");
}
} else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
setTitle("连接蓝牙设备");
}
}
};
/*
* 客户端设置
* 单击事件
* */
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
String s = arrayAdapter.getItem(position);
String address = s.substring(s.indexOf(":") + 1).trim();//获取蓝牙IP
try {
if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();//若当前蓝牙被使用，则关闭重新启用
}
try {
if (device == null) {//若未连接，则获得远程设备
device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
}
if (clientSocket == null) {
clientSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
clientSocket.connect();//连接蓝牙
os = clientSocket.getOutputStream();//客户端向服务端输出文本
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (os != null) {
os.write("发送信息到其他设备".getBytes("utf-8"));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 服务端设置
* 设置一个Handler，用来显示
* */
private android.os.Handler handler = new android.os.Handler() {
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.valueOf(msg.obj), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
};
//线程类
private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
private BluetoothServerSocket serverSocket;
private BluetoothSocket socket;
private InputStream is;
private OutputStream os;
public AcceptThread() {
try {
serverSocket = bluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
try {
socket = serverSocket.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
os = socket.getOutputStream();
while (true) {
byte[] buffer = new byte[128];
int count = is.read(buffer);
Message msg = new Message();
msg.obj = new String(buffer, 0, count, "utf-8");
handler.sendMessage(msg);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
真机测试效果图：
